pierre trudeau net worth at death

This teacher, politician, prime minister of canada's nationality is Canadian. Turner claimed that "I had no option" but to let the appointments stand, prompting Mulroney to tell him, "You had an option, sirto say 'no'and you chose to say 'yes' to the old attitudes and the old stories of the Liberal Party. [118] Trudeau expected the negotiations to be a mere formality, but relations were not finally established until October 1970. When his father died in October 2000, a eulogy by Mr Trudeau at his state funeral brought him . [153][154][155][156], Amongst the policies introduced by Trudeau's last term in office were an expansion in government support for Canada's poorest citizens. "[191], Trudeau's idealistic plans for a cooperative Canadian federalist state were resisted and hindered as a result of his narrowness on ideas of identity and socio-cultural pluralism: "While the idea of a 'nation' in the sociological sense is acknowledged by Trudeau, he considers the allegiance which it generatesemotive and particularisticto be contrary to the idea of cohesion between humans, and as such creating fertile ground for the internal fragmentation of states and a permanent state of conflict". It wouldn't stop me from concentrating on my studies so long as that was possible[I]f you were a French Canadian in Montreal [at that time], you did not automatically believe that this was a just war. He was buried in the Trudeau family crypt in Saint-Rmi-de-Napierville Cemetery. Complete Wiki Biography of Pierre Trudeau, which contains net worth and salary earnings in 2022. Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau PC CC CH QC FRSC (/ t r u d o, t r u d o / TROO-doh, troo-DOH, French: [pj tydo]; October 18, 1919 - September 28, 2000), also referred to by his initials PET, was a Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 15th prime minister of Canada from 1968 to 1979 and from 1980 to 1984. Pierre Trudeau, Justin Trudeau's father, was also Prime Minister of Canada. [107] Britain's decision in 1973 to join the European Economic Community (EEC) as the European Union was then known, confirmed Trudeau's view that the United Kingdom was a declining power that had little to offer Canada while the way that Japan had replaced Britain as Canada's second-largest trading partner was taken as further confirmation of these views. [23] Trudeau described a speech he heard in Montreal by Ernest Lapointe,[24] minister of justice and Prime Minister William Mackenzie King's Quebec lieutenant. Son of the late Canadian prime minister Pierre Trudeau, Justin Trudeau followed in his father's famous footsteps in 2015, winning the election as Canada's prime minister. 10 Best Tips to Make Money From Rental Properties, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People Summary, How to Win Friends and Influence People Summary, 4 Steps To Reprogram Your Subconscious Mind, 8 Best Ways To Follow Through With Your Goals, How to Motivate Yourself: 16 Ways to Find Motivation. He defeated several prominent and long-serving Liberals, including Paul Martin Sr., Robert Winters and Paul Hellyer.[55]. [153] The Bank of Canada wrote that there was a "deeply troubling air of uncertainty and anxiety" about the economy. He was the 2 nd youngest prime minister of Canada holding the job role at the age of 43. [116] In July 1976 a Canadian-EEC Framework Economic Agreement was signed, which came into effect on 1 October 1976. His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current prime minister, following the 2015 Canadian federal election; Justin Trudeau is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister. What is Justin Trudeau's net worth? [93] In a speech in December 1968, Trudeau asked: "Can we assume Russia wants war because it invaded Czechoslovakia?". As minister, Trudeau embraced social liberalism; his two most notable achievements were decriminalizing homosexual acts and legalizing abortion. He is energetic and young, so he has the attraction to the causes of youth. [129] During his final government in 198084, Trudeau's government took markedly pro-Palestinian positions as Trudeau was described as being "pro-Arab" by this point. [117] Trudeau hoped would be the Framework Agreement would be the first step towards a Canadian-EEC free trade agreement, but the EEC proved to be uninterested in free trade with Canada. After that, Trudeau and his brother and sister were raised by their mother, who Trudeau remained in . Trudeau's remarks in Havana were widely seen in the West as not only expressing approval of Cuba's Communist government, but also the Cuban intervention in Angola. On February 29, 1984, a day after what he described as a walk through the snowy streets of Ottawa, Trudeau announced he would not lead the Liberals into the next election. [4] When his father died in Orlando, Florida, on April 10, 1935, Trudeau and each of his siblings inherited $5,000, a considerable sum at that time, which meant that he was financially secure and independent. The Meech Lake Accord granted Quebec the constitutional right to be a "distinct society" within Canada, which theoretically could have been the basis of a wide-ranging devolution of power to Quebec. He and Turner then crafted a legal agreement calling for Turner to advise an additional 70 patronage appointments. He was elected to the House of Commons in 1965, quickly being appointed as Prime Minister LesterB. Pearson's parliamentary secretary. [85] By the time Trudeau's first tenure ended in 1979, the deficit grew to $12 billion (fiscal year 19791980), a large number that sharply contrasted to his relatively small deficit of $667 million in his first budget (19681969). [187], Trudeau was a strong advocate for a federalist model of government in Canada, developing and promoting his ideas in response and contrast to strengthening Quebec nationalist movements, for instance the social and political atmosphere created during Maurice Duplessis' time in power. Trudeau was backed by the NDP, Ontario Premier Bill Davis, and New Brunswick Premier Richard Hatfield and was opposed by the remaining premiers and PC leader Joe Clark. January 3, 2023 August 11, 2022. Pierre Elliott Trudeau died on September 28, 2000, and was buried in the Trudeau family crypt, St-Rmi-de-Napierville Cemetery, Saint-Rmi, Qubec. Dubbed the "three wise men" by the media, they ran successfully for the Liberals in the 1965 election. [100] Trudeau and Cadieux agreed to the compromise that Canada would stay in NATO, but drastically cut back its contributions, despite warnings from Ross Campbell, the Canadian member of the NATO Council, that the scale of the cuts envisioned would break Canada's treaty commitments. Several world politicians, including former US President Jimmy Carter and Fidel Castro, attended the funeral. [197] Trudeau's electoral successes were matched in the 20th century only by those of William Lyon Mackenzie King.[198][199]. He began fighting for universal health care as soon as he was elected. In 1991, Trudeau became a father again, with Deborah Margaret Ryland Coyne, to his only daughter, Sarah. Before handing power to Turner, Trudeau took the unusual step of appointing Liberal Senators from Western provinces to his Cabinet. However, Trudeau's ambitions in this arena have been overstated: Trudeau once said that he regretted the use of the term "bilingualism", because it appeared to demand that all Canadians speak two languages. Many credit his actions during the October Crisis as crucial in terminating the Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) as a force in Quebec, and ensuring that the campaign for Quebec separatism took a democratic and peaceful route. Trudeau's government also introduced a capital gains tax in the 1971 federal budget. He ended his long run as Canada's Prime Minister 9 years before Kim Campbell would win the position. 8. [131] Angola was amply endowed with oil, and many saw the victory of the MPLA/Cuban forces in the first round of the Angolan civil war in 197576 as a major blow to Western interests in Africa. The White Paper prompted the first major national mobilization of Indian and Aboriginal activists against the federal government's proposal, leading to Trudeau setting aside the legislation. Pierre Elliott Trudeau: 1919-2000. what did pierre trudeau die of? Investments, savings, cash deposits, and any equity he has in a house, car, or other similar asset are included in the total assets. The total net worth of Justin Pierre James Trudeau is $15 million (as in 2020). The 1970 October Crisis put his anti-terrorist stance to the test. He started his career in the late 1940's and the early 1950's. [52] Trudeau paraphrased the term from Martin O'Malley's editorial piece in The Globe and Mail on December 12, 1967. Stanfield proposed the immediate introduction of wage and price controls to help end the increasing inflation Canada was currently facing. Xavier James Trudeau, Hadrien Trudeau, and Ella-Grace Margaret Trudeau are his children. First Nations Peoples would be incorporated fully into provincial government responsibilities as equal Canadian citizens, and reserve status would be removed imposing the laws of private property in indigenous communities. However, most sources say his net worth is closer to $12 million. Trudeau's Death. He was succeeded by John Turner, a former Cabinet minister under both Trudeau and Lester Pearson. During a visit to Saskatoon, Saskatchewan on July 17, 1969, Trudeau met with a group of farmers who were protesting the Canadian Wheat Board. At the meeting, Trudeau reached an agreement with nine of the premiers on patriating the constitution and implementing the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, with the caveat that Parliament and the provincial legislatures would have the ability to use a notwithstanding clause to protect some laws from judicial oversight. Estimated Net Worth. Grillmaster Bobby Flay makes the list of richest chefs with a net worth of $60 million. Final Years and Death. [128] Lee Kuan Yew, the prime minister of Singapore and the host of the conference later praised Trudeau for his efforts at the Commonwealth summit to hold together the Commonwealth despite the passions caused by the South African issue. [118] The delay was largely because the Chinese insisted that Canada have no relations whatsoever with "the Chiang Kai-shek gang" as they called the Kuomintang regime in Taiwan and agree to support the Chinese position that Taiwan was a part of the People's Republic, a position that caused problems on the Canadian side as it implied Canadian support for China's viewpoint that it had the right to take Taiwan by force into the People's Republic. Trudeau and two of his colleagues have been invited to run for party leadership positions. Although he aligned himself with the social democratic New Democratic Party, he felt that they could not achieve power, and instead joined the Liberal Party. It was the first of its kind in the world,[62] and was then emulated in several provinces, such as Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and other countries most notably Australia, which has had a similar history and immigration pattern. [146] A week prior to the referendum, Trudeau delivered one of his most well-known speeches, in which he extolled the virtues of federalism and questioned the ambiguous language of the referendum question. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Ownership of the property was fully transferred to . In 2001, the CBC produced a full-length documentary entitled Reflections. He was elected Prime Minister of Canada as the leader of the Liberal Party. . The widely remembered perception is that Trudeau dismissed the protesters' concerns with "Why should I sell your wheat?" Margaret Trudeau is a Canadian actor and author. While mostly private about his beliefs, he made it clear that he was a believer, stating, in an interview with the United Church Observer in 1971: "I believe in life after death, I believe in God and I'm a Christian." He is the eldest son of former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Though polls portended disaster, Clark's struggles justifying his party's populist platform and a strong Trudeau performance in the election debate helped bring the Liberals to the point of contention.[140]. [188][unreliable source? [109], Trudeau had an especially close friendship with the Social Democratic West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, whom he greatly liked both for his left-wing politics and as a practical politician who was more concerned about getting things done rather than with ideological questions. . [38] He also was influenced by Nikolai Berdyaev, particularly his book Slavery and Freedom. The Liberals, with Turner as leader, lost 95 seatsat the time, the worst defeat of a sitting government at the federal level (by proportion of seats) at the time. Trudeau was born and raised in Montreal, Quebec; he rose to prominence as a lawyer, intellectual, and activist in Quebec politics. [147] On May 20, sixty percent of Quebecers voted to remain in Canada. With the 1982 Constitution Act for Canada, he achieved this goal. Trudeau joined the Montreal law firm Heenan Blaikie as counsel and settled in the historic Maison Cormier in Montreal following his retirement from politics. [175][176] While a serious romantic relationship, there was no express marriage proposal, contrary to one contemporary published report. Trudeau II: Maverick in the Making (2005, with Stphane Demers as the young Pierre, and Tobie Pelletier as Trudeau in later years) portrays his earlier life. The son of ex-prime minister Pierre Trudeau . Through hours of archival footage and interviews with Trudeau himself, the 1990 documentary Memoirs details the story of a man who used intelligence and charisma to bring together a country that was very nearly torn apart.[236]. [149][150], This first budget, was one of a series of unpopular budgets delivered in response to the oil shock of 1979 and the ensuing severe global economic recession which began at the start of 1980. In Montreal in the early 1940s, we still knew nothing about the Holocaust and we tended to think of this war as a settling of scores among the superpowers. The sheer volume of appointments, combined with questions about the appointees' qualifications, led to condemnation from across the political spectrum. Being the prime minister of Canada, he earned a salary of $3,40,800 in 2016 and $3,45,400 in 2017. The late 1970s saw a more sympathetic American attitude toward Canadian political and economic needs, the pardoning of draft evaders who had moved to Canada, and the passing of old sore points such as Watergate and the Vietnam War. Trudeau's outgoing personality and charismatic nature caused a media sensation, inspiring "Trudeaumania", and helped him to win the leadership of the Liberal Party in 1968, when he succeeded Pearson and became prime minister of Canada. He was disliked by the Qubcois nationalists. He was hired as a desk officer for the Privy Council shortly after graduating. [115] The major hold-out was France, which was stoutly opposed to an EEC-Canadian agreement, seeing giving EEC market access to Canadian agriculture as a threat to French agriculture. His energetic campaign attracted widespread media attention and mobilized many young people, who saw Trudeau as a symbol of generational change. [73] After a strong backlash of popular opinion against the agreement in Quebec, Bourassa stated Quebec would not accept it. However, the results produced a Liberal minority government, with the Liberals winning 109 seats compared to the PCs' 107; this was one of the closest elections in Canadian history. Trudeau's most enduring legacy may lie in his contribution to Canadian nationalism, and of pride in Canada in and for itself rather than as a derivative of the British Commonwealth. Court actions under the Charter resulted in the adoption of same-sex marriage all across Canada by the federal Parliament. Justin Trudeau's parents divorced when he was five years old, therefore he grew up with his father. Justin Trudeau Net Worth . Pierre Trudeau, age 15 at the time, was devastated by his father's death. Nine days after, the Trudeau government imposed a 40-cent tax on every barrel of Canadian oil exported to the United States to combat rising inflation and oil prices. He had Parkinsons disease, but prostate cancer was the official cause of death. [119] On 10 October 1970, a statement was issued by the External Affairs department in Ottawa saying: "The Chinese government reaffirms that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China. And since the future of Canadian federalism lies clearly in the direction of co-operation, the wise socialist will turn his thoughts in that direction, keeping in mind the importance of establishing buffer zones of joint sovereignty and co-operative zones of joint administration between the two levels of government[61], Trudeau pointed out that in sociological terms, Canada is inherently a federalist society, forming unique regional identities and priorities, and therefore a federalist model of spending and jurisdictional powers is most appropriate. He became a constitutional law professor at the University of Montreal in 1961. Margaret Joan Trudeau (ne Sinclair, formerly Kemper; born September 10, 1948) is a Canadian activist. The death of Michel Trudeau, on Friday the 13th, in November 1998, occurred due to a freak accident in the Canadian Rocky Mountains at a time of year when snow packs are low, and avalanches are rare. He would hold this seat until his retirement from politics in 1984, winning each election with large majorities. His election campaign benefited from an unprecedented wave of personal popularity called "Trudeaumania",[1][56][57] which saw Trudeau mobbed by throngs of youths. Justin Pierre James Trudeau was born on Dec. 25, 1971, in Ottawa. Pierre Elliott Trudeau died on September 28, 2000, and was buried in the Trudeau family crypt, St-Rmi-de-Napierville Cemetery, Saint-Rmi, Quebec. [95] In March 1969, Trudeau visited Washington to meet President Richard Nixon, where the meeting went very civilly, through Nixon came to intensely dislike Trudeau over time, referring to him in 1971 as "that asshole Trudeau" [96] Nixon made it clear to Trudeau that a Canada that remained in NATO would be taken more seriously in Washington than a Canada that left NATO. Canadian filmmaker, journalist and author. All his efforts have helped put his net worth to where it is today. Long Live Castro!"). As a candidate Trudeau espoused participatory democracy as a means of making Canada a "Just Society". [132] Trudeau's embrace of Castro attracted much criticism in the United States, which allowed Trudeau to pose as a leader who was "standing up" to the United States without seriously damaging American-Canadian relations. [158], In 1982, Trudeau succeeded in patriating the Constitution. In 1980, Chrtien was tasked with creating a constitutional settlement following the Quebec referendum in which Quebecers voted to remain in Canada.[147]. To many westerners, Trudeau's policies seemed to favour other parts of the country, especially Ontario and Qubec, at their expense. "[172], Described as a "swinging young bachelor" when he became prime minister, in 1968;[173] Trudeau was reportedly dating Hollywood star Barbra Streisand in 1969[174] and 1970. Trudeau's main national opponents were PC leader Robert Stanfield and NDP leader Tommy Douglas, both popular figures who had been Premiers, respectively, of Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan (albeit in Trudeau's native Quebec, the main competition to the Liberals was from the Ralliement crditiste, led by Ral Caouette). [133], In May 1974, the House of Commons passed a motion of no confidence in the Trudeau government, defeating its budget bill after Trudeau intentionally antagonized Stanfield and Lewis. 14: The image of the defiant prime minister impressed the public. Lending substance to the phrase "the style is the man," he has imparted, both in his and on the world stage, his quintessentially personal philosophy of modern politics. Father Boulin, who was the head of the college, said that during Trudeau's seven years at the college (19331940), he had won a "hundred prizes and honourable mentions" and "performed with distinction in all fields". In his retirement, he wrote Memoirs, a collection of reflections on his life and career. . Five days later Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped. . Pierre Trudeau died two years later, in 2000, bringing Alexandre and his older brother Justin back into the spotlight. Tom Ford. A second great spiritual influence in Trudeau's life was Dominican. [60] More controversial than the declaration (which was backed by the NDP and, with some opposition in caucus, the PCs) was the implementation of the Act's principles: between 1966 and 1976, the francophone proportion of the civil service and military doubled, causing alarm in some sections of anglophone Canada that they were being disadvantaged. [122] His action strained relations with the United States from President Ford, future President Carter and the press and subjected Canada to international condemnation and shame. He also briefly served as the leader of the Opposition from 1979 to 1980. You're frozen", and instead promoted a variety of small tax cuts to curb inflation. As of 2022, Justin Trudeau is said to have a net worth of between $12 million and $14 million. That same year, he divorced Margaret and was granted custody of their three sons, Justin, Alexandre, and Michel. [162] However, an apparent rebound in the polls prompted Turner to call an election for September 1984, almost a year before it was due. Answers to your questions about Pierre Trudeau's life, age, relationships, sexual orientation, drug usage, net worth and the latest gossip! [202] Years later, on a train trip through Salmon Arm, British Columbia, he "gave the finger" to a group of protesters through the carriage window less widely remembered is that the protesters were shouting anti-French slogans at the train.[203]. Trudeau's inheritance was worth around $1.2 million at the time, and his speaking fees garnered him more than $450,000 in his highest-earning year. In no small part, it defined him. Stphane Demers performs in the role.[206]. Later, when he travelled to Japan as Prime Minister, he was promoted to shodan (first-degree black belt) by the Kodokan, and then promoted to nidan (second-degree black belt) by Masao Takahashi in Ottawa before leaving office. Margaret Trudeau's Net Worth. After 16 years as prime minister, Trudeau retired from politics in 1984. Trudeau and Margaret separated in 1977, and were divorced in 1984. After much discussion within the cabinet, Trudeau finally declared that Canada would stay within NATO after all on 3 April 1969, but he would cut back Canada's forces within Europe by 50%. Justin has a net worth in the millions, family property and income from several sources, including his father's book royalties. . When British Prime Minister Edward Heath visited Ottawa in December 1970, his meetings with Trudeau went badly. [75], Partially in an attempt to shore up his support, Bourassa called a surprise election in 1976 that resulted in Ren Lvesque and the Parti Qubcois (PQ) winning a majority government. Trudeau wrote and spoke out against both the Meech Lake Accord and Charlottetown Accord proposals to amend the Canadian constitution, arguing that they would weaken federalism and the Charter of Rights if implemented. He was raised by his father died today, as well as his mother, Margaret Sinclair. ", "Forty years on, Trudeaumania still lives", "Omnibus Bill: 'There's no place for the state in the bedrooms of the nation', "PM Trudeau won't let 'em rain on his parade", "2000: Justin Trudeau delivers eulogy for his father Pierre", "Confessions of a mobster: 'My job was to kill Pierre Trudeau', "Castro mourns for Trudeau, who stood up for him", "Closest friends surprised by Trudeau revelations", "October Crisis Timeline: Key Events in the October Crisis in Canada", Young Trudeau: Son of Quebec, Father of Canada, 19191944, Pierre Trudeau Parliament of Canada biography, CBC Digital ArchivesPierre Elliott Trudeau: Philosopher and Prime Minister, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Trudeau&oldid=1132520975, As a Minister of the Crown and an elected Member of the, He was granted arms, crest, and supporters by the. Suzanne Perry is a writer, consultant, and journalist, she previously worked as a press secretary to former Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Trudeau soon announced his intention to resign as Liberal Party leader and favoured Donald Macdonald to be his successor. The following honours were bestowed upon him by the Governor General, or by Queen Elizabeth II herself: Trudeau received several Honorary Degrees in recognition of his political career. [70] Five of the FLQ members were flown to Cuba in 1970 as part of a deal in exchange for James Cross' life, although they eventually returned to Canada years later, where they served time in prison. As of May 2022, Justin Trudeau's total net worth is nearly $12 million. "In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 19491959.". [190] In particular, Trudeau stated the following about socialists:.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, [R]ather than water down their socialism, must constantly seek ways of adapting it to a bicultural society governed under a federal constitution. [110] Schmidt was sympathetic towards Trudeau's "rebalancing" concept, telling Trudeau that he wanted West Germany to have two North American partners instead of one, and promised at a 1975 meeting to use West German influence within the EEC to grant Canada better trade terms in exchange for Canada spending more on its NATO commitments. Under the legislation of the White Paper, Indian Status would be eliminated. The objection of the Quebec government to the new constitutional provisions became a source of continued acrimony between the federal and Quebec governments, and would forever stain Trudeau's reputation amongst nationalists in the province. [48], Trudeau was offered a position at Queen's University teaching political science by James Corry, who later became principal of Queen's, but turned it down because he preferred to teach in Quebec. At least five men were killed by gunfire and there were over 150 casualties and $300,000 in damage. He admired the labour unions, which were tied to the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), and tried to infuse his Liberal party with some of their reformist zeal. Sept. 29, 2000 12 AM PT. He wrote in his memoirs that he found this period very useful later on, when he entered politics, and that senior civil servant Norman Robertson tried unsuccessfully to persuade him to stay on. While he shot down a suggestion by one of his ministers to turn Canada into a republic in 1968, he treated the monarchy with a certain bemused contempt. Pierre Trudeau was the 15th prime minister of Canada, famous for his youthful energy, his charismatic and controversial personality and his commitment to Canadian unity. [131] In fact, Trudeau did press Castro in private to pull his troops out of Angola, only for Castro to insist that Cuba would pull its forces out of Angola only when South Africa likewise pulled its forces out of not only Angola, but also Southwest Africa (modern Namibia) as well. You pay nothing extra. Leaders of the Liberal Party were looking for potential candidates four years later. It became one of the Liberals' most contentious policies. The four-hour CBC production examines Trudeau's early life. He served as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 1968 to 1984. He noted the ostensible conflict between socialism, with its usually strong centralist government model, and federalism, which expounded a division and cooperation of power by both federal and provincial levels of government. ("Long Live Cuba! Despite his personal motto, "Reason before passion",[4] Trudeau's personality and policy decisions aroused polarizing reactions throughout Canada during his time in office. By defeating this initiative, he helped keep Quebec a part of Canada. Pierre Trudeau, who has died aged 80, was, but for a break of 10 months, Prime Minister of Canada from 1968 until 1984, and had claim to be the greatest Canadian prime minister of the 20th century. At the end of Canada's centennial year in 1967, Prime Minister Pearson announced his intention to step down, and Trudeau entered the race for the Liberal leadership. According to Michel Gourgues, professor at Dominican University College, Trudeau "considered himself a lay Dominican". At the start of the campaign, polls showed the Liberals 10 points ahead of the Progressive Conservatives led by Robert Stanfield, who previously lost to Trudeau in the 1968 election. . Now 19, Trudeau's daughter has led a private life. [126] Trudeau's Foreign Policy for Canadians white paper of April 1968 had declared that "social justice" in South Africa was a key priority, but much to the dismay of anti-apartheid activists, Trudeau never imposed sanctions on South Africa. [106] Ortoli refused Trudeau's request for a free trade agreement with the EEC, saying that was out of the question, but did agree to open talks on lowering tariffs between Canada and the EEC. In what was described as a "no holds-barred" style, Trudeau told Heath that the British arms sales to white supremacist South Africa were threatening the unity of the Commonwealth. Pierre Trudeau was born on October 18, 1919 in Montreal, Canada (80 years old). Trudeau is also credited by many for the defeat of the 1980 Quebec referendum.
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