Limitations of Current Statistical Information The police in all States and Terri-tories are a major source of crime statistics, but these statistics refer only to crimes reported to and/or detected by police. This chapter provides statistics relating to offenders in custody or under supervision in the community. In acknowledgement of the subjective, multifaceted and changing nature of ethnic identification, we use self-identified ethnicity where this data is available[footnote 5]. The statistics reported in this bulletin are primarily National Statistics[footnote 7], as drawn from either other published National Statistics bulletins or the data underpinning them. A pupil may be excluded for one or more suspensions up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Figure 3.01: Percentage of adults who reported as victims of a CSEW personal crime by ethnic group, England and Wales 2015/16 and 2019/20[footnote 12]. Stop and search is an important detection tool for the police it allows officers to search individuals without an arrest taking place[footnote 27]. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. , Concordance rates are calculated by dividing the number of those who were recommended to receive a sentence disposal and did receive it, by all those who were recommended to receive it. Violent Crimes / 100k People. A proven reoffence is defined as any offence committed in a one-year follow-up period that resulted in a court conviction, caution, reprimand or warning in this timeframe, or a further six-month waiting period to allow the offence to be proven in court[footnote 68]. Judiciary: The proportion of White judges has fallen by 1.9 pp, between 2017 and 2021, driven mainly by an increase in the proportion of practitioners from Asian (1.5 pp) and Mixed (0.6 pp) ethnic groups[footnote 97]. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victims, in relation to ethnicity, from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) year ending March 2020 and the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 8]. Those where ethnicity was not known/recorded are not included in this commentary. Larger proportions of defendants from Black, Asian and Chinese or Other ethnic groups who were remanded in custody were acquitted or not tried (ranging from 13% to 15%) compared with defendants of White and Mixed ethnicities (9% and 10% respectively). Other young offenders had the lowest proportion recorded as persistently absent at 66%. Over the last 5 years, the proportion of children arrested in London from White ethnic groups has decreased from 38% to 34%, with corresponding marginal increases in arrests of children from across minority ethnic groups. However, for White suspects, the proportion of arrests for drug offences (10%), was exceeded by the proportion of arrests for theft offences (14%). Educational attainment of those sentenced to custody was lower than the attainment of all young offenders. There was a corresponding increase in stop and searches conducted on Asian suspects (15% to 19%) whilst all other ethnic groups remained relatively constant. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. 11/1/2022 10/1/2022 11/1/2021. Over the last 5 years, there has been a decrease in the proportion of stop and searches conducted on Black individuals in London, from 36% in 2016/17 to 32% in 2020/21. Controlling for offence mix across ethnic groups showed reduced disparity in Average Custodial Sentence Lengths and Custody Rates. In 2020, White defendants had the highest guilty plea rate for sexual offences, at 95%. When a suspect is formally charged, they are brought before a magistrates court (as a defendant) as soon as possible. Where young offenders were received a custodial sentence of more than 12 months, Black and Asian children had a higher proportion of SEN, without statement, at 72% and 74% respectively, compared to White children, at 59%. Across the past 5 years, possession of a Class B drug (cannabis) was consistently the most common drug offence for all ethnic groups, accounting for 31% of all drug offences in 2020. ACSL was consistently lower for White defendants from 2016 to 2020, at 19.6 months in 2020, compared to 28.6 for Asian defendants (46% longer), 26.8 for Black defendants (37% longer), and 24.4 for both defendants of Mixed and Chinese or Other ethnicity groups (25% longer). , Excluding adults where their age bracket is unknown (2 defendants). Postal Point 10.31, Floor 10. Most of the racism in America has been between the whites against the blacks and . Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS): Between 2017 and 2021, the proportion of White HMPPS staff (excluding National Probation Service) has decreased, from 92.6% to 90.3%, due to an increase in the proportion of staff from Black (1 pp), Asian and Mixed (0.7 pp) backgrounds[footnote 96]. Across the past 5 years, White defendants have consistently had the highest guilty plea rate, at 79% in 2020, compared to Black defendants at 66%. In 2019/20, 10% of adults . It is the first time the national statistics agency has broken down homicide rates by ethnicity. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders matched to a KS4 attainment record in academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15, by ethnicity, in England (Source: Table 7.1 and Table CH1). In 2020, 52% of Black defendants were remanded in custody, compared to 36% of White defendants. , The Homicide in England and Wales - Office for National Statistics (ons.gov.uk) publication utilises 2016 population estimates to derive homicide rates relative to the population. Errors in our statistical systems and processes. in year ending March 2021, there were 124,091 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales; of which there were 92,052 race hate crimes, 6,377 religious hate crimes, 18,596 sexual . The proportion of stop and searches conducted on White suspects decreased from 75% in 2014/15 to 59% in 2018/19 and increased for all minority ethnic groups. there were 697,405 stop and searches in England and Wales between April 2020 and March 2021, a rate of 12.4 per 1,000 people. For example, the proportion of Black and Asian young offenders sentenced to 12 months custody or less, achieving any pass at GCSE, was 64% and 71% respectively, significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders, at 53%. Almost three quarters (1,405 or 72%) of all homicide victims (where ethnicity was known) over the three-year period were from the White ethnic group. Ethnic minority groups were more likely to be remanded in custody at Crown Court in comparison to White defendants. , Pupils at the end of Key Stage 4 are typically aged 15 and 16; please see A Technical Guide to Statistics on Ethnicity and the Criminal Justice System, 2020 for further details. These proportions have remained relatively stable over the last 5 years. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). Between 2017/18 and 2019/20, almost half (49%) of homicide victims aged 15 to 17 and 37% of victims aged 18 to 20 were from the Black ethnic group. Some Sociologists have suggested that cultural differences, especially differences in family life, may be responsible for underlying differences in offending between ethnic groups. , Data is self-declared from HR records, as at 31 December 2020. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. More detailed information on the reforms can be found at the following: SEND code of practice: 0 to 25 years. But, initially, a central strand in this debate concerned whether street gangs actually existed at all. The areas of focus include: Victimisation; Police Activity; Defendants and Court Outcomes; Offender Management; Offender Characteristics; Offence Analysis; and Practitioners. , Ethnicity was known in 99.7% of oral parole board hearings in the year ending March 2021. The 2001 Census ethnicity question included Mixed ethnicity; this made the question more acceptable and relevant, though one downside was that it made it hard to compare with 1991 Census results, for some groups. The latest release is ' Statistics on Race and the Criminal Justice System 2020 '. , Persistent absence is when a pupil enrolments overall absence equates to 10 per cent or more of their possible sessions. These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. Between 2019 and 2020, the number of prosecutions for possession of weapons offences fell by 17%. Search. Many of these offences were dealt with in London by the Metropolitan police force, where greater levels of stop and search activity likely lead to increased arrests and subsequent charges for drug possession. When ethnicity is officer identified[footnote 3], it has four broad ethnicity categories: White, Black, Asian and Other[footnote 4]. The ethnic profile of practitioners in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) has become slightly more diverse over the last 5 years. Five-year trends have been presented wherever possible. See police activity chapter for more information on stop and searches. ACSL for possession of weapons offences decreased, between 2016 and 2020, for all ethnic groups except Mixed, decreasing the largest for Asian and Black offenders. The most frequent method of killing in homicides with Asian victims was Strangulation (38%), closely followed by sharp instrument (35%). , Offences recorded as homicide as at 15 December 2020; figures are subject to revision as cases are dealt with by the police and by the courts, or as further information becomes available. , Statistical significance between groups over the time series is represented with a *, This section reports on three years of combined data, 2017/18 to 2019/20. (FBI Table 21 Arrests by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 / archive) 2016 FBI Violent Crime Statistics Graham and Bowling (1995) Found that blacks (43%) and whites (44%) had similar and almost identical rates of crime, but Asians actually had lower rates (Indians- 30%, Pakistanis-28% and Bangladeshi-13%). A fine was the most common outcome for all ethnic groups, except for the Chinese or Other group, where immediate custody was higher. The ACSL for sexual offences varied by ethnic group. This chapter looks at particular indictable offences to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and court outcomes. Where young offenders received a custodial sentence, the proportion eligible for FSM increased across all ethnic groups. As this data is now several years old it may not accurately represent the distribution of ethnic groups in the population, particularly for children when comparing to 2018 CJS figures. Black suspects had the highest proportion of arrests that resulted from stop and search, accounting for 23% of total arrests, which has increased from 17% in 2016/17. Analysis of offender characteristics such as SEN and FSM is also based on academic years 2013/14 and 2014/15. The number of knife crimes In England and Wales has risen to a new record high, says the Office for National Statistics. The Chinese or Other ethnic group had the highest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 62%, whereas the White ethnic group had the lowest number of defendants remanded in custody, at 42%. People from a Black, Asian, 'Mixed' or 'Chinese and other' background were over-represented as defendants in the criminal justice system in 2019, according to Ministry of Justice (MoJ) data. Thank you for your request. When offence mix was controlled for, a decrease in ACSL was seen for all ethnic groups, closer to that of the White ethnic group. Data Access and Compliance Unit. Black and Other ethnicity suspects had the highest proportion of stop and searches where nothing was found (both 76%), followed by Asian suspects (74%). , Available at https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Data provided by the Home Office listing offences recorded as homicide as of 15th December 2020. In 2020/21, three quarters (77%) of stop and searches resulted in the principal outcome no further action[footnote 31]. For those sentenced to custody, where there are differences between groups that are statistically significant to the 95% level, this will be stated. Similar proportions were seen across ethnic groups, ranging from 72% for Black defendants to 78% for White defendants. , Data used in the HMPPS workforce quarterly statistics are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2021. The most common sentencing outcome across all ethnic groups for sexual offences was immediate custody. 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