International Journal of Digital Information and Wireless Communications (IJDIWC), 1(4), 746752. The 2003 Sloan Survey of Online Learning (Allen & Seaman, 2003) provided somewhat more detail, defining blended learning as a "course that is a blend of the online and face-to-face course. 2011 Sep 7;306(9):978-88. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1234. Eom, Wen, and Ashill (2006) using a survey found out that interaction, among other factors, was significant for learner satisfaction. The normal probability plot was seen to lie as a reasonably straight diagonal from bottom left to top right indicating normality of our data. The relative effectiveness of blended versus face to-face adult English and maths learning Ref: ISBN 978-1-78105-874-9 , DFE-RR794 PDF , 813 KB , 85 pages Details Cite this article. Blended learning approach is an effective way to teach clinical research module. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Identifying the various types of learner variables with regard to their relationship to blended learning effectiveness is important in this study as we embark on innovative pedagogy with technology in teaching and learning. Blended Learning 100 Blended Learning: Advantages And Effectiveness Dan Keckan JULY 2, 2022 Blended learning has seen increased adoption by businesses and other organizations as an efficient way to train, reskill, and upskill employees. During the application, students took the lesson face to face, online and blended. Methods young, middle-aged and old above 45years) (Coldwell, Craig, Paterson, & Mustard, 2008). Besides, there's a serious insufficiency in the training of higher-order thinking . At the cognitive level, learners interacted with content at 72% by reading the posted content (81%), exchanging knowledge via the LMS (58.4%), participating in discussions on the forum (62%) and got course objectives and structure introduced during the face-to-face sessions (86%). (2004). International Education Journal, 7(4), 534546. . (2015). The efficient use of learning management system and its tools improves learning outcomes in e-learning and blended learning environments. Retrieved 18 Aug 2015. Research shows that high motivation among online learners leads to persistence in their courses (Menager-Beeley, 2004). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4. Computers & Education. Blended Learning Social Sciences teacher Social Sciences (2008). In another study, learning experience and performance are known to improve when traditional course delivery is integrated with online learning (Stacey & Gerbic, 2007). There is high intrinsic motivation, satisfaction and knowledge construction as well as good performance in examinations (M=62%, SD=7.5); which indicates potentiality for blended learning effectiveness. Valle A, Blacher J, Cariou A, Sorbets E. J Med Internet Res. (2007). Other self-developed instruments were used for the other remaining variables of attitudes, computer competence, workload management, social and family support, satisfaction, knowledge construction, technology quality, interactions, learning management system tools and resources and face-to-face support. It was also noted that a common factor in failure and learner drop-out is the time conflict which is compounded by issues of family, employment status as well as management support (Packham, Jones, Miller, & Thomas, 2004). No studies have also been done on how the characteristics of learners and design features are predictors of outcomes in the context of a planning evaluation research (Guskey, 2000) to establish the effectiveness of blended learning. Blended Learning Program: How To Measure Its Effectiveness Bonk and Graham (2005) described blended learning systems as a combination of face-to- face instruction and computer-mediated instruction. This study aimed to investigate and determine the effectiveness of blended learning in the context of new ways in teaching and learning to enhance students' academic achievement. Blocker, J. M., & Tucker, G. (2001). This systematic analysis examines effectiveness research on online and blended learning from schools, particularly relevant during the Covid-19 pandemic, and also educational games, computer-supported cooperative learning (CSCL) and computer-assisted instruction (CAI), largely used in schools but with potential for outside school. A review of motivational and emotional strategies to reduce dropout in web-based distance education. Moodle has helped learners to accomplish their learning tasks more quickly (74%) and that as a LMS, it is effective in teaching and learning (88%) with overall satisfaction levels at 68%. The work will encompass risk management framework . The least in the scoring was task strategies at 67.7% and the highest was learner environment structuring at 76.3%. A one-way ANOVA between subjects was conducted to establish the differences in performance between age groups. (2014). Performance by gender shows a balance with no statistical differences between male and female. However, learners note challenges in the use of the LMS regarding its performance as having been problematic to them (57%) and only 8% of the learners reported navigation while 16% reported access as challenges. Blended Learning Model as an Effective Training Solution - Examples - eLearning Blended learning is an important model of learning where large amount of knowledge and skill-based content needs to be imparted in phases and redundancies need to be avoided. Effectiveness of blended learning on student engagement . The outcomes under scrutiny in this study include performance, motivation, satisfaction and knowledge construction. Using constructivist principles in designing and integrating online collaborative interactions. Impact of learning strategies and motivation on performance: A study in Web-based instruction. Arbaugh (2000) and Swan (2001) indicated that high levels of learner-instructor interaction are associated with high levels of user satisfaction and learning outcomes. Heinich, Molenda, Russell, and Smaldino (2001) showed the need for examining learner characteristics for effective instructional technology use and showed that user characteristics do impact on behavioral intention to use technology. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 14(3), 181195. Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), 207217. Online learning for continuous professional development of healthcare workers: an exploratory study on perceptions of healthcare managers in Rwanda. Can you keep learners online? A big percentage of learners spend two hours on study while at home (35.3%) followed by one hour (28.2%) while only 9.7% spend more than three hours on study at home. Packham, G., Jones, P., Miller, C., & Thomas, B. 3(2001). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. 2022 Oct 31;11:335. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1801_21. Blended learning effectiveness: the relationship between student characteristics, design features and outcomes, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0043-4, Learning outcomes and significant predictors, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/, selfdeterminationtheory.org/intrinsic-motivation-inventory/, http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.301.html, http://www.kineo.com/m/0/blended-learning-report-202013.pdf, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Blended Learning Compared to Traditional Learning in Medical Education: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The study sample consisted of (108) male and female students, who were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The site is secure. From the Postgraduate Directorate (n=17), first and second year students were selected because learners attend a face-to-face session before they are given paper modules to study away from campus. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Kelley, D. H. & Gorham, J. This is supported by Selim (2007) that learners need to posses time management skills and computer skills necessary for effectiveness in e- learning and blended learning. The goal is not to complement or replace conventional learning styles, but rather to incorporate necessary changes to make the educational path for learners more effective and personalized. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BL in improving knowledge and skill in pharmacy education. International Journal on E-Learning, 11(4), 441463. Available from selfdeterminationtheory.org/intrinsic-motivation-inventory/. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. They reported that online resources were well organized, user friendly and easy to access (71%) as well as well structured in a clear and understandable manner (72%). Learners preferred face-to-face sessions after every month in the semester (33.6%) and at the beginning of the blended learning session only (27.7%). Goyal and Tambe (2015) noted that learners showed an appreciation to Moodles contribution in their learning. Learners do well with word processing, e-mail, spreadsheets and web browsers but still lag below average in html tools. Lynch, R., & Dembo, M. (2004). (2008). MeSH Influence of computer literacy on post-graduates use of e-resources in Nigerian University Libraries. Average collaborative, cognitive learning as well as learner-teacher interactions exist as important factors. It has again been noted that the success of e- and blended learning is highly dependent on experience in internet and computer applications (Picciano & Seaman, 2007). From this research, learners manifest high potential to take on blended learning more especially in regard to learner self-regulation exhibited. Let's dive right in. 3236). According to research and reputable studies, blended learning courses and techniques offer companies a more cost-effective and efficient way to deliver engaging and successful learning content to their employees.1 But how should learners taking blended learning courses be evaluated so you know that real learning is actually taking place both inside and outside of the [] From our perspective, this can be considered to be accomplishment in the knowledge construction process. Contrary to Cohen et al. Computers & Education, 6(1), 116. The Delone and McLean model of information systems success: A Ten-year update. Project-based learning is a learning style that's completely separate to blended learning, but combining the two can be highly effective. Self regulation is the only learner characteristic predicting intrinsic motivation in blended learning while technology quality, online tools and interactions are the design features predicting intrinsic motivation. Epub 2022 Nov 26. Sankaran, S., & Bui, T. (2001). Garrison and Kanuka (2004) examined the transformative potential of blended learning and reported an increase in course completion rates, improved retention and increased student satisfaction. Picciano, A., & Seaman, J. Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education Impact Factor: 5-Year Impact Factor: 1.553 Restricted access Research article Outliers were no cause for concern in our data since we had only 1% of all cases falling outside 3.0 thus proving the data as a normally distributed sample. 1): This research applies a quantitative design where descriptive statistics are used for the student characteristics and design features data, t-tests for the age and gender variables to determine if they are significant in blended learning effectiveness and regression for predictors of blended learning effectiveness. 1. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Some researchers stated that blended learning can enhance students' learning outcomes, improve students' motivation , and it is effective way for achieving learning objectives [4,5,14,15]. This review presents research about blended learning effectiveness from the perspective of learner characteristics/background, design features and learning outcomes. Tselios, N., Daskalakis, S., & Papadopoulou, M. (2011). The usability of the online system, tools and resources was below average as shown in the table below in percentages (Table3): However, learners became skilled at navigating around the learning management system (79%) and it was easy for them to locate course content, tools and resources needed such as course works, news, discussions and journal materials. ), Distance education. Initiating knowledge construction by learners for blended learning effectiveness is exhibited in our findings and agrees with Rahman, Yasin and Jusof (2011). For studies comparing knowledge gained from blended learning versus no intervention, the pooled effect size was 1.40 (95% CI 1.04-1.77; P<.001; n=20 interventions) with no significant publication bias, and exclusion of any single study did not change the overall result. Key Words: Blended learning, knowledge management, technology, strategic solution, Content management, e-learning, effectiveness Green, J., Nelson, G., Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. (2006). This method was also effective in developing practical performance of skills. We however note that Coldwel, et al dealt with young, middle-aged and old above 45years whereas we dealt with young and middle aged only. A value flow model for the evaluation of an e-learning service. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The least scored here is attitude to course structure at 66% and their attitudes were high on learner autonomy and course interface both at 82%. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Measuring self regulation in online and blended learning environments. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 8(2), 488492. Most of the student characteristics and blended learning design features dealt with in this study are important factors for blended learning effectiveness. The learners balance between study and work is a drive factor towards blended learning effectiveness since their management of their workload vis a vis study time is at 60 and 61% of the learners are encouraged to go for study by their bosses. The frequency of the face-to-face sessions is shown in the table below as preferred by learners (Table5). Evaluating student satisfaction with blended learning in a gender-segregated environment. Tselios, Daskalakis, and Papadopoulou (2011) investigated learner perceptions after a learning management system use and found out that the actual system use determines the usefulness among users. Lin and Vassar, (2009) indicated that learner success is dependent on ability to cope with technical difficulty as well as technical skills in computer operations and internet navigation. Berenson, R., Boyles, G., & Weaver, A. However, BL has evolved to encompass a much richer set of learning strategies such as live events, online content, collaboration, assessment and reference materials. The conceptual model for our study is depicted as follows (Fig. Abubakar, D. & Adetimirin. A predictive study of student satisfaction in online education programs. Blended Learning Techniques: Advantages (and Disadvantages) In short blended learning is more flexible, adaptable, and engaging for learners, while allowing instructors better cater to the unique needs of their learners. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 15(1), 4557. Learner ability to assess and critically evaluate knowledge sources is hereby established in our findings. (2010). Anderson, T. (2004). 4. This means that good technology with the features involved and the learner positive attitudes with capacity to do blended learning with self drive led to their satisfaction. Cronbachs alpha was used to test reliability and the table below gives the results. Two reviewers independently evaluated study quality and abstracted information including characteristics of learners and intervention (study design, exercises, interactivity, peer discussion, and outcome assessment). 2008 Sep 10;300(10):1181-96. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.10.1181. Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. Funnel plot of blended learning versus no intervention. Information Technology for Development, 16(3), 159173. Effective blended learning emphasises active participation over consumption of "content". From the coefficients table, the VIF values ranged from 1.0 to 2.4, well below the cut off value of 10 and indicating no possibility of multicollinearity. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Motivation and learner characteristics affecting online learning and learning application. The phrase "blended learning" is being used increasingly to describe learning and teaching approaches which contain a mixture of online activities and face to face activities. Advanced experience developing blended learning programs, including . Mountains of the Moon University, P.O. Descriptive results by Naaj, Nachouki, and Ankit (2012) showed that learners were satisfied with technology which was a video-conferencing component of blended learning with a mean of 3.7. Concerns about the effectiveness of blended learning have led to an increasing number of studies on this topic. Lim, D. H., & Morris, M. L. (2009). Antibiotics (Basel). Menager-Beeley, R. (2004). From these, one course unit was selected from each school and all the learners following the course unit were surveyed. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BL in improving knowledge and skill in pharmacy education. Shraim, K., & Khlaif, Z. N. (2010). All it requires is the right technology, and training, to do the job right. Astleitner, H. (2000) Dropout and distance education. The data was first tested to check if it met the linear regression test assumptions and results showed the correlations between the independent variables and each of the dependent variables (highest 0.62 and lowest 0.22) as not being too high, which indicated that multicollinearity was not a problem in our model. Eom, S., Wen, H., & Ashill, N. (2006). Park, J.-H., & Choi, H. J. We took students from three schools out of five and one directorate of post-graduate studies at a Ugandan University. In search of higher persistence rates in distance education online programs. Improving online learning: student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics. International Journal of Web-based Communities, 5(3), 340350. 2007 Jan 01;7(1):3742. The advantage found by Beard is all the same relevant here because learners in blended learning express attitude to both online and face-to-face for an effective blend. They showed that it is beneficial for them (94%) and that it was an important way of studying (84.3%). Knowledge of online Learning technologies and their application in Blended Learning Environments. Technology quality for effective blended learning is a potential for effectiveness though features like the blog and wiki are rarely used by learners. An effective blended learning environment is necessary in undertaking innovative pedagogical approaches through the use of technology in teaching and learning. . Students perceptions of the introduction of a blended learning environment: An exploratory case study. The online self-regulated learning questionnaire (Barnard, Lan, To, Paton, & Lai, 2009) and the intrinsic motivation inventory (Deci & Ryan, 1982) were applied to measure the constructs on self regulation in the student characteristics and motivation in the learning outcome constructs. It is therefore important to examine technology quality for ensuring learning effectiveness in blended learning. The causes of learner dissatisfaction noted by Islam (2014) such as incompetence in the use of the LMS are contrary to our results in our study, while the one noted by Hara and Kling, (2001) as resulting from technical difficulties and ambiguous course instruction are no threat from our findings. This is a unique opportunity to play a key role in an exciting growing business. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Establishing the significant predictors of outcomes in blended learning will help to inform planners of such learning environments in order to put in place necessary groundwork preparations for designing blended learning as an innovative pedagogical approach. A learning management system (Moodle) was used and learner characteristics/background and blended learning design features were measured in relation to learning effectiveness. The last part of the semester was for another face-to-face to review work done during the online sessions and final semester examinations. It is therefore a planning evaluation research design as noted by Guskey (2000) since the outcomes are aimed at blended learning implementation at MMU. In blended learning set ups, face-to-face experiences form part of the blend and learner positive attitudes to such sessions could mean blended learning effectiveness. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 14(1), 1639. There are statistically significant differences (p<.005) in the performance between age groups with means of 62% for age group 2030 and 67% for age group 31 39. The learners perceived usefulness/satisfaction with online system, tools, and resources was at 81% as the LMS tools helped them to communicate, work with peers and reflect on their learning (74%). Their computer confidence levels are reported at 75.3% and specifically feel very confident when it comes to working with a computer (85.7%). A comparative study about attitudes towards the efficiency, effectiveness, and atmosphere of offline and online learning among medical students. Student-teacher interaction was reported at 71% through instructors individually working with them online (57.2%) and being well guided towards learning goals (81%). Cookies policy. Blended learning is an effective approach to the passive knowledge engagement of a massive number of students, which also increases learning outside the traditional face-to-face learning environment (Oakley, 2016 ). Kwak, D. W., Menezes, F. M., & Sherwood, C. (2013). Students of blended learning group employed all motivational and learning strategies more often than students of the didactic and web- based e-learning groups except strategies of intrinsic goal orientation, task value, control of learning belief and help seeking. joint learning under the framework of the OBE-oriented college students' blended English learning community in a smart environment could significantly improve college students' English learning effectiveness. Part of Among the design features, technology quality, online tools and face-to-face support are predictors of learner satisfaction while learner characteristics of self regulation and attitudes to blended learning are predictors of satisfaction. Questions This research mainly answered the following two questions: (1) In the process of joint learning for 2022 Dec 16;11(12):1829. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11121829. It was also noted that learners may not continue in e- and blended learning if they are unable to make friends thereby being disconnected and developing feelings of isolation during their blended learning experiences (Willging & Johnson, 2009). doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2006.054189. Beard however dealt with a comparison between online and on-campus learning while our study combines both, singling out the face-to-face part of the blend. Berners-Lee T, Cailliau R, Luotonen A, Nielsen HF, Secret A. Islam, A. K. M. N. (2014). Student satisfaction, performance and knowledge construction in online collaborative learning. The study was applied to 110 students who attend to Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey and take Introduction to Computers Course. "They condensed about 2,900 hours of classroom training into 700 hours of web-based learning, 200 hours of distance learning and 500 hours of classroom instruction, a cut of 53 percent." 5. The final semester evaluation results were used as a measure for performance as an outcome. In line with Coldwell et al. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of blended learning for health professional learners compared with no intervention and with nonblended learning. Effective blended learning would require that learners are able to initiate, discover and accomplish the processes of knowledge construction as antecedents of blended learning effectiveness. Cluster sampling was used to select a total of 238 learners to participate in this study. An e-learning approach to secondary education in Palestine: opportunities and challenges. In planning to design and implement blended learning, we are mindful of the implications raised by this study which is a planning evaluation research for the design and eventual implementation of blended learning. Selim, (2007) noted that the learners attitude towards e-learning and blended learning are success factors for these learning environments. Researchers indicate that teacher presence in face-to-face sessions lessens psychological distance between them and the learners and leads to greater learning. A lack in computer skills causes failure in e-learning and blended learning as noted by Shraim and Khlaif (2010). Our study however, delves into improved performance but seeks to establish the potential of blended learning effectiveness by considering grades obtained in a blended learning experiment.
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