The couple had no children. The Royal Hippodrome has the longest running summer show in Britain. [154], The tall flint tower of StMichael's at Ocklynge is one of Eastbourne's landmarks. [45], Eastbourne Local History Society was founded in 1970. The archive at Compton Place was listed in 1920 by the Revd Walter Budgen in 'Deeds and documents belonging to His Grace the Duke of Devonshire at Compton Place, Eastbourne' (copy of typescript available at ESRO). The name being a corruption of North Way,[51] as this was the route to the north. He sat on the Conservative benches in the House of Lords and held political office (under his uncle Harold Macmillan and later under Sir Alec Douglas-Home) from 1960 to 1964. Which family owns Chatsworth House? It was rebuilt from 1726 by Sir Spencer Compton (later 1st Earl of Wilmington ), to the design of the architect Colen Campbell, [1] and was completed after Campbell's death by William Kent. [36] The town suffered badly during the war, with many Victorian and Edwardian buildings damaged or destroyed by air raids. Lord James Cavendish (17011741), third son of the second Duke, was a soldier and briefly represented Malton in Parliament. This changes to Weald clay around the Langney estate.[18]. Gardners Books are one of the town's largest employers, with a majority of staff involved in packing and shipping books.[88]. hayfield secondary school address. Eastbourne had two cinemas: the Curzon Cinema and Cineworld. The local climate is notable for its high sunshine levels, at least relative to much of the rest of England Eastbourne holds the record for the highest recorded amount of sunshine in a month, 383.9hours in July 1911. Other parks include: Helen Gardens and the Italian Gardens at the western end of the seafront, Sovereign Park between the main seafront and the marina and Motcombe Gardens in Old Town. "[14], Following the Norman conquest, the Hundred of what is now Eastbourne, was held by Robert, Count of Mortain, William the Conqueror's half brother. It supplied electricity, firstly for street lighting then other uses. ", Officially removed from the list of doctors authorised to practise medicine (treat patients) by the, Annual Business Inquiry, UK National Audit Office (2008), East Sussex Local Transport Plan 20112026, East Sussex County Council (2011), Indices of Multiple Deprivation (East Sussex in Figures), UK Department for Communities & Local Government, 2010. Eastbourne is a marginal seat currently represented by the Conservatives but with recent representation by the Liberal Democrats.[68][69]. Also on the erstwhile Branch is Hampden Park railway station to the north of the town. He married Lady Mary Gascoyne-Cecil, who was Mistress of the Robes to Queen Elizabeth II from 1953 to 1966. [22] It was originally on what was termed the Eastbourne Branch[167] from Polegate. The present list has not been collated against the 1920 list. [190], George Mallory, the noted mountaineer, attended Glengorse Preparatory School in Chesterfield Road between 1896 and 1900. [11] Aleister Crowley, occultist and mystic attended Eastbourne College and later edited a chess column for the Eastbourne Gazette. [65], East Sussex County Council has responsibility for local education, libraries, social services, civil registration, trading standards and transport. Johanna Konta, British number one tennis player and Grand Slam semi-finalist, Joe Marler, Professional England Rugby Union Player. [96] The London Philharmonic Orchestra makes regular appearances and has an annual season at the Congress Theatre. It was approached from what is now Holywell Road via the lane between the present Helen Gardens and Bede's School, which leads to the chalk pinnacle formerly known locally as 'Gibraltar' or the 'Sugar Loaf'. The United Reformed Church in Upperton Road has tall rogue Gothic windows set in red brick walls. [131] In 1956, it was rebuilt as a house and remains a dwelling to this day. [74], The 2001 UK Census indicated that the largest non-white ethnic group at the time was Chinese. Flint mines and Stone Age artefacts have been found in the surrounding countryside of the Eastbourne Downs. D.Sc. His eldest son, the third Duke, served as Lord Privy Seal, as Lord Steward of the Household and (from 1737 to 1745) as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. The Islamic community uses a small mosque that was formerly the Seeboard social club.[163]. The pier interrupts what would otherwise have been a ribbon development of buildings to the west, high-class hotels, with modest family hotels and boarding houses to the east. [48] Over the years, the Society has published various books and booklets about the history of Eastbourne, twelve of which are currently in print. A connection with India comes in the shape of the 18th-century Lushington monument, also at StMary's, which commemorates a survivor of the Black Hole of Calcutta atrocity which led to the British conquest of Bengal. His elder son, the tenth Duke, also a Conservative politician, served as Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs, as Under-Secretary of State for India and Burma and as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. The station had a single brick chimney and three wooden cooling towers. [165] Eastbourne Buses had been formed in 1903 by the County Borough of Eastbourne, who were the first local authority in the world authorised to run motor buses. He was succeeded by his eldest son, William Cavendish, 2nd Earl of Devonshire, who served as Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire and was a patron of the philosopher Thomas Hobbes (15881679). Although originally manned by two keepers, it has been remotely monitored by Trinity House via a landline since June 1983. After the war, development continued, including the growth of Old Town up the hillside (Green Street Farm Estate) and the housing estates of Hampden Park, Willingdon Trees and Langney. [citation needed]. Two of his great-grandsons were George Cavendish, Thomas Cardinal Wolsey's biographer, and George's younger brother Sir William Cavendish. Measured as Lower Layer Super Output Areas (LSOAs), two areas within Devonshire ward, two areas within Hampden Park, and one area within Langney, are all among the most deprived LSOAs in the country. Dec Cluskey from the 60s band The Bachelors is resident in Eastbourne. [64], The council operates out of Eastbourne Town Hall which was designed by W. Tadman Foulkes, and built between 1884 and 1886 under supervision of Henry Currey, the Duke of Devonshire's architect. Eastbourne is also served by Eastbourne Scoop,[103] a weekly online-only media publication. [200], Douglas Bader, who became a successful Second World War fighter pilot despite having lost both legs in a flying accident, attended Temple Grove Preparatory School in Compton Place Road. There is a tradition of Judaism in Eastbourne,[161][162] and a Jewish rest home. [39], In the summer of 1956, the town came to national and worldwide attention,[40] when John Bodkin Adams, a general practitioner serving the town's wealthier patients, was arrested for the murder of an elderly widow. [82], In 2016, UK innovation charity NESTA named Eastbourne as a "creative cluster", with 969 creative firms representing 9.1% of total businesses in the town and providing employment for 2,703 people. Deborah Mitford, the youngest of the famous Mitford sisters. Have you found an error with this catalogue description? The first was erected in November 1994 in Milnthorpe Road at the former home of Sir Ernest Shackleton, the Antarctic explorer. The family previously owned Londesborough Hall, Yorkshire; Hardwick Hall, Derbyshire; Chiswick House, Middlesex; and two London mansions on Piccadilly: Devonshire House and Burlington House. At present the constituency includes all of the borough as well as the suburb of Willingdon. Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of the fourth Duke, married Prime Minister William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland (who assumed the additional surname of Cavendish). A 1,000-seater theatre, bar, camera obscura and office suite replaced this in 1899/1901. [citation needed]. At its heart flows a seven mile stretch of the River Wharfe. Yet another son, William Cavendish (15521626), was a politician and a supporter of the colonization of Virginia. [189], Polar explorer Lawrence Oates attended South Lynn School in Mill Gap Road. He had already succeeded his mother as seventh Baron Clifford in 1754. blue glock 26. Before Brexit in 2020, the town was part of the South East England constituency in the European Parliament. In 1605 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Cavendish, of Hardwicke in the County of Derby, and in 1618 he was further honoured when he was made Earl of Devonshire. In 1694 he was created Marquess of Hartington and Duke of Devonshire in the Peerage of England. 10 Commando, composed of native German speaking Austrian and German Jewish refugees, trained in Eastbourne. privacy policy, Estates of the Cavendish family, Dukes of Devonshire, in East Sussex. The lake is used by a nearby water-sports centre, which offers kayak and windsurfing training. Several of these towers survive: the Wish Tower is an important feature of the town's seafront and was the subject of a painting by James Sant RA,[24] and part of Tower68 forms the basement of a house on St.Antony's Hill. He married (1547) as his third wife the famous Bess of Hardwick, with whom he had eight children. Lord George Cavendish (died 1794), second son of the third Duke, was a long-standing Member of Parliament and served as Comptroller of the Household from 1761 to 1762. The 2011 census shows that the average age of residents has decreased as the town has attracted students, families and those commuting to London and Brighton. In 1883, it was incorporated as a municipal borough; a purpose-built town hall was opened in 1886. Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish, 11th Duke of Devonshire, KG, MC, PC, DL (2 January 1920 - 3 May 2004), styled Lord Andrew Cavendish until 1944 and Marquess of Hartington from 1944 to 1950, was a British Conservative and later Social Democratic Party politician. Their third and youngest son Lord George Cavendish was recreated Earl of Burlington in 1831. The chalk contains many fossils such as ammonites and nautilus. His grandson Hugh Cavendish was created a life peer as Baron Cavendish of Furness in 1990. [2] History [ edit] On 22 November 2019, a fire broke out in the basement of the Claremont Hotel. [143] In 2018, a further merger with Sussex Coast College in Hastings formed the current East Sussex College. [92] In 1966 the power station had a generating capacity of 9.0 MW and delivered 3,165 MWh of electricity. Lord Henry Cavendish (16731700), second son of the first Duke, was Member of Parliament for Derby. [29][43] Most of the expansion took place on the northern and eastern margins of the town, gradually swallowing surrounding villages. In 2013, the Office for National Statistics named an area in Meads as the first place in the UK to have an average resident age exceeding 70, with an average age of 71.1, compared with a national average age of 39.7. Catalogue description Estates of the Cavendish family, Dukes of Devonshire, in East Sussex This record is held by East Sussex and Brighton and Hove Record Office (ESBHRO) See contact details. Anne. [35] Thousands of Canadian soldiers were billeted in and around Eastbourne from July 1941 to the run-up to D-Day. [184], David Bowie performed in Eastbourne several times. There is also a Roman villa near the entrance to the Pier and the present Queens Hotel. Cavendish, now the 7thDuke of Devonshire, recruited Henry Currey in 1859 to lay out a plan for what was essentially an entire new town a resort built "for gentlemen by gentlemen". The town is served by Eastbourne District General Hospital, part of East Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust. Their only son, the sixth Duke, served as Lord Chamberlain of the Household from 1827 to 1828 and from 1830 to 1834. [33] Many people sought safety away from the coast and shut up their houses. This was noted as below average, compared with the UK as a whole. The series Little Britain had the character Emily Howard strolling along the promenade. [29], During the First World War, Summerdown Camp, a convalescent facility, opened in 1915 near the South Downs to treat soldiers who were injured during trench warfare or seriously ill. [119], Eastbourne Eagles are a speedway club located at Arlington Stadium, just outside the town. Spider Stacy, member of The Pogues, was born in Eastbourne in 1958. [8], There are Roman remains buried beneath the town, such as a Roman bath and section of pavement between Eastbourne Pier and the Redoubt Fortress. It is a charitable, not-for-profit organisation in the United Kingdom whose objective is the pursuit and encouragement of an active interest in the study of the history of Eastbourne and its immediate environs and the dissemination of the outcome of such studies.[46][47]. The 6th Duke died at Hardwick Hall in 1858, aged 67. [89], Eastbourne Electric Light Co. started up on 4 September 1882 illuminating The Parades with 22 Brush arc lamps. [26] (The Gildredges owned much of Eastbourne by 1554. In 1954 the station generated 2,652 MWh of electricity and burned 3,500 tons of coal. These include the Chatsworth Estate in Derbyshire, Bolton Abbey in Yorkshire, The Compton Estate in Eastbourne, Lismore Castle in Ireland and the Devonshire Hotel & Restaurant Group. Compton Place in Eastbourne was the great house from which the Sussex estate was managed. [10] Her ancestors came from below the Saharan region, at a time when the Roman Empire extended only as far as North Africa. The copyrights of many well-known hymns and contemporary worship songs used in churches around the world were handled by Kingway's Thankyou Music of Eastbourne. Gildredge Park is a large open park located between the town centre and Old Town; it is very popular with families and has a children's playground, cafe, tennis courts, disc golf course (target) and bowls lawns. As the major landowner, the Cavendish family has had strong connections with Eastbourne since the 18th century. miss universe from canada. This information will help us make improvements to the website. Prior to its construction, shipping had been warned by the Belle Tout Lighthouse on the cliff top some 1,640 yards (1,500m) to the west. 3. [22] This period of growth and elegant development continued for several decades. This manor house is currently owned by the Duke of Devonshire and was extensively remodelled in the early Georgian era when it was renamed Compton Place. The facility was dismantled in 1920. On his death the titles passed to his eldest son, the fourth Duke, who was a prominent politician. Lord Richard Cavendish, second son of the fourth Duke, represented Lancaster and Derbyshire in the House of Commons. Lord Hartington was killed in the Second World War in 1944 shortly after the marriage. Before 1935 each of these sites had a smaller "birdcage" bandstand; the one in the music gardens having been moved from a rather precarious position opposite the Albion Hotel. Theresa May, a former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, was born in the town.[198]. The Estate The Yorkshire home of the Devonshire Family comprises 30,000 acres of moorland, woodland and agricultural land over which a network of paths cross. The gallery holds one of the most important collections of public art in southern England. Some of the most important events are Airbourne, Eastbourne's International Airshow, one of the biggest airshow in the United Kingdom. Simeone, N. 'Debussy and expression', in Trezise, S. Lady Dorothy Cavendish, daughter of the ninth Duke, was the wife of Prime Minister Harold Macmillan. BBC South East Today and ITV Meridian are the two regional news channels. [49] Another SSSI which partially falls with the Eastbourne district is Seaford to Beachy Head. The Catholic Church of Our Lady of Ransom is a generously proportioned building with a tall Gothic interior. Lord Frederick Cavendish, third son of the third Duke, was a Field Marshal in the Army. There has also been an upward trend in recent years, in the number of people with higher education qualifications.[76]. [70] Eastbourne is the second largest district or borough in East Sussex with an official resident population of 101,133 in 2014. It is roughly 300metres (1000ft) long. Crossing The Screen International Film Festival, the longest running film festival of Eastbourne, founded in 2016. All that can be seen of the Burne, or Bourne, is the small pond in Motcombe Gardens. This (now the senior) branch of the Cavendish family has been one of the wealthiest British aristocratic families since the 16th century and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby. It became a private residence, but was severely damaged in the Second World War by Canadian artillery. There are various other establishments scattered around the town such as crazy golf, gokarting and Laser Quest. 306A Statue of William, 7th Duke of Devonshire (1808 - 1891) is described as the chief benefactor and founder of modern Eastbourne. All are part of the Wealden District. Duke of Devonshire is a title in the Peerage of England held by members of the Cavendish family. There has been continued growth in other parts of the town, and the central marshland has become farmland and nature reserves. The displays, and the town, have won the award the 'Coastal Resort B' category in the 2003 Britain in Bloom competition. With a population of more than 100,000 people, Eastbourne has been a fast-growing town in the past few years, relative to the rest of the UK. [146] It is believed that the minting of these coins may have led to thelberht's beheading by Offa of Mercia, as it had been struck as a sign of independence. [18] The chalk can be clearly seen along the eroded coastline to the west of the town, in the area known as Beachy Head and the Seven Sisters, where continuous erosion keeps the cliff edge vertical and white. In the 1990s, both growth and controversy accelerated rapidly as a new plan was launched to develop the area known as the Crumbles, a shingle bank on the coast to the east of the town centre. 10 Commando", "Eastbourne Country Borough, with list of casualties", "Eastbourne's Claremont Hotel 'engulfed in flames' as fire breaks out", "County: East Sussex Site Name: Willingdon Down", "County: East Sussex, Site Name: Seaford to Beachy Head", "Five teenagers hurt as car plunges over 150ft cliff", "Town population's age profile drops Local News", "Area Summary for Eastbourne Borough East Sussex Public Health March 2016", "Eastbourne and District Chamber of Commerce Ltd", "The Economic Impact of Tourism Eastbourne 2010", "The public sector employment map of the UK: the full data", "Eastbourne past ~1930s electricity works and desructor", "Oldest town inn begins new life as theatre", "Curzon owner 'shocked' by plans for multiplex cinema", "Eastbourne Scoop - Local news and events in Eastbourne, East Sussex", "Eastbourne is on the silver screen again", "Hit Netflix drama The Crown wraps shooting for season five in Sussex town", "Eastbourne Ladies Kevin Coyne Song BBC Music", "Music Review of Kevin Coyne Marjory Razorblade", "Welcome to Eastbourne Model Powerboat Club Web Site", "Eastbourne and District Model Yacht Club", "The Official Football Conference League Website Tables", "Reporting Suicide The effect of media coverage on patterns of self harm", "English Seaside Piers Eastbourne Pier", "Fire rips through Eastbourne Pier destroying roof", "Eastbourne Pier contractors to resume work after death", "Eastbourne pier to get 2m restoration as government invests in UK coast", "Sussex Downs College Welcome to Sussex Downs College", "The Greek Orthodox Church of St. Panteleimon & St. Theodore Eastbourne", "Eastbourne Buses was sold for 4million", "Level crossing warnings at Hampden Park", "Lewis Carroll Blue Plaque Blue Plaque East Sussex", "Eastbourne Memories A Victorian Perspective", "Eastbourne singer/songwriter Robin Romei on writing his new single out Nov 25", "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921 Frederick Soddy Biographical", "Tributes paid to man who changed the face of space", "Inventor of the camera used on Hubble telescope has died", "Biography of Michael Fish - MBE Hon. 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